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aes, aeris (often used in plur. nom. and acc.; abl. aeribus, Cato ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 27 Müll., and Lucr. 2, 636; gen. AERVM, Inscr. Orell. 3551), n. [cf. Germ. Eisen = iron, Erz = copper; Goth. aiz = copper, gold; Angl.Sax. ar, ær = ore, copper, brass; Eng. iron, ore; Lat. aurum; with the com. notion of brightness; cf. aurora, etc.].

  1. I. Any crude metal dug out of the earth, except gold and silver; esp.,
        1. a. Aes Cyprium, whence cuprum, copper: scoria aeris, copper dross or scoria, Plin. 34, 11, 24, § 107: aeris flos, flowers of copper, id. 34, 11, 24, § 107: squama aeris, scales of copper, Cels. 2, 12 init.: aes fundere, Plin. 33, 5, 30, § 94: conflare et temperare, id. 7, 56, 57, § 197: India neque aes neque plumbum habet, id. 34, 17, 48, § 163: aurum et argentum et aes, Vulg. Ex. 25, 3.
        2. b. An alloy, for the most part of copper and tin, bronze (brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, was hardly known to the ancients. For their bronze coins the Greeks adhered to copper and tin till B.C. 400, after which they added lead. Silver is rare in Greek bronze coins. The Romans admitted lead into their bronze coins, but gradually reduced the quantity, and, under Calig., Nero, Vesp., and Domit., issued pure copper coins, and then reverted to the mixture of lead. In the bronze mirrors now existing, which are nearly all Etruscan, silver predominated to give a highly reflecting surface. The antique bronze had about 87 parts of copper to 13 of tin. An analysis of several objects has given the following centesimal parts: [??] statua ex aere, Cic. Phil. 9, 6: simulacrum ex aere factum, Plin. 34, 4, 9, § 15: valvas ex aere factitavere, id. 34, 3, 7, § 13.
          Hence: ducere aliquem ex aere, to cast one’s image in bronze, id. 7, 37, 38, § 125; and in the same sense poet.: ducere aera, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 240: aes Corinthium, Plin. 34, 2, 3, §§ 5-8; v. Corinthius.
  2. II. Meton.
    1. A. (Esp. in the poets.) For everything made or prepared from copper, bronze, etc. (statues, tables of laws, money), and (as the ancients had the art of hardening and tempering copper and bronze) weapons, armor, utensils of husbandry: aes sonit, franguntur hastae, the trumpet sounds, Enn. ap. Non. 504, 32 (Trag. v. 213 Vahl.): Et prior aeris erat quam ferri cognitus usus: Aere solum terrae tractabant, aereque belli Miscebant fluctus et vulnera vasta serebant, etc., Lucr. 5, 1287: quae ille in aes incidit, in quo populi jussa perpetuasque leges esse voluit, Cic. Phil. 1, 17; cf. id. Fam. 12, 1; Tac. A. 11, 14; 12, 53; id. H. 4, 40: aere (with the trumpet, horn) ciere viros, Verg. A. 6, 165: non tuba directi, non aeris cornua flexi, Ov. M. 1, 98 (hence also rectum aes, the tuba, in contr. with the crooked buccina, Juv. 2, 118); a brazen prow, Verg. A. 1, 35; the brazen age, Hor. Epod. 16, 64.
      In plur.: aera, Cato ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 27 Müll.; Verg. A. 2, 734; Hor. C. 4, 8, 2 al.
    2. B. Money: the first Roman money consisted of small rude masses of copper, called aes rude, Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 43; afterwards as coined: aes signatum, Cic. Leg. 3, 3; Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 43; so aes alone: si aes habent, dant mercem, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 49: ancilla aere suo empta, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 26: aes circumforaneum. borrowed from the brokers in the forum, Cic. Att. 2, 1: Hic meret aera liber Sosiis, earns them money, Hor. A. P. 345: gravis aere dextra, Verg. E. 1, 36: effusum est aes tuum, Vulg. Ez. 16, 36: neque in zona aes (tollerent), ib. Maarc. 6, 8: etiam aureos nummos aes dicimus, Dig. 50, 16, 159.
      Hence,
      1. 1. Aes alienum, lit. the money of another; hence, in reference to him who has it, the sum owed, a debt, Plaut. Curc. 3, 1, 2: habere aes alienum, Cic. Fam. 5, 6: aes alienum amicorum suscipere, to take upon one’s self, id. Off. 2, 16: contrahere, to run up, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8: facere, id. Att. 13, 46: conflare, Sall. C. 14, 2; 24, 3: in aes alienum incidere, to fall into debt, Cic. Cat. 2, 9: in aere alieno esse, to be in debt, id. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 6; so, aere alieno oppressum esse, id. Font. 1; so Vulg. 1 Reg. 22, 2: laborare ex aere alieno, Caes. B. C. 3, 22: liberare se aere alieno, to get quit of, Cic. Att. 6, 2; so, aes alienum dissolvere, id. Sull. 56: aere alieno exire, to get out of, id. Phil. 11, 6.
      2. 2. In aere meo est, trop., he is, as it were, among my effects, he is my friend (only in the language of common conversation): in animo habui te in aere meo esse propter Lamiae nostri conjunctionem, Cic. Fam. 13, 62; 15, 14.
      3. * 3. Alicujus aeris esse, to be of some value, Gell. 18, 5.
      4. * 4. In aere suo censeri, to be esteemed according to its own worth, Sen. Ep. 87.
    3. C. Sometimes = as, the unit of the standard of money (cf. as); hence, aes grave, the old heary money (as weighed, not counted out): denis milibus aeris gravis reos condemnavit, Liv. 5, 12: indicibus dena milia aeris gravis, quae tum divitiae habebantur, data, id. 4, 60; so, aes alone and in the gen. sing., instead of assium: aeris miliens, triciens, a hundred millions, three millions, Cic. Rep. 3, 10: qui milibus aeris quinquaginta census fuisset, Liv. 24, 11.
      Also for coins that are smaller than an as (quadrans, triens, etc.): nec pueri credunt, nisi qui nondum aere, i. e. quadrante, lavantur (those who bathed paid each a quadrans), Juv. 2, 152 (cf.: dum tu quadrante lavatum Rex ibis, Hor. S. 1, 3, 137).
    4. D. Wages, pay.
      1. 1. A soldier’s pay = stipendium: negabant danda esse aera militibus, Liv. 5, 4. And soon after: annua aera habes: annuam operam ede.
        Hence in plur., = stipendia, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 33.
      2. 2. Reward, payment, in gen., Juv. 6, 125: nullum in bonis numero, quod ad aes exit, that has in view or aims at pay, reward, Sen. Ep. 88.
    5. E. In plur.: aera, counters; hence also the items of a computed sum (for which, later, a sing. form aera, ae (q. v.), came into use): si aera singula probāsti, summam, quae ex his confecta sit, non probare? Cic. ap. Non. 3, 18.

Aesăcus, i, and Gr. -os, i, m., = Αἴσακος, a son of Priam, Ov. M. 11, 762.

† aesălōn, ōnis, m., = αἰσάλων, a species of falcon or hawk; acc. to Billerbeck, the rust-kite, moor-buzzard, Falco aeruginosus, Linn., Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.

Aesar.

  1. I. A name of God among the Etruscans, Suet. Aug. 97.
  2. II. Aesar, ăris, m., a river in Lower Italy, in the neighborhood of Crotona, now Esaro, Ov. M. 15, 23.
    Hence, Aesărĕus, a, um, adj., pertaining to the Æsar, Ov. M. 15, 54.

Aeschĭnes, is, m., = Αὶσχίνης.

  1. I. A disciple of Socrates, Cic. Inv. 1, 31; Quint. 5, 11, 27.
    But more celebrated,
  2. II. The orator Æschines, rival to Demosthenes, Cic. de Or. 2, 23; 3, 56; Quint. 2, 1, 17; 10, 1, 22.
  3. III. A physician of Athens, Plin. 28, 4, 10, § 44.

† aeschrŏlŏgĭa, ae, f., = αὶσχρολογία, in rhet., an expression improper on account of its ambiguity, Diom. p. 445 P.

Aeschylus, i, m., = Αἰσχύλος.

  1. I. The first great tragic poet of Greece, the originator of the Greek drama, Hor. A. P. 278; Cic. Tusc. 2, 10.
  2. II. A rhetorician of Cnidos, a contemporary of Cicero, Cic. Brut. 95.

† aeschȳnŏmĕnē, ēs, f., = αἰσχυνομένη (ashamed), a plant which shrinks when touched, a sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica, Linn., Plin. 24, 17, 102, § 167.

Aescŭlānus, i, m., sc. deus [aes], the god of copper or copper money, Aug. Civ. Dei, 4, 21.

Aescŭlāpī̆um, i, n., = Ἀσκληπίειον and Ἀσκλήπιον, a temple of Æsculapius, Vitr. 7 praef.
From

Aescŭlāpĭus, i, m., = Ἀσκληπιός, acc. to fable, the son of Apollo and the nymph Coronis, deified after his death on account of his great knowledge of medicine, Cic. N. D. 3, 22; Cels. 1 praef. He had a temple at Rome, on the island in the Tiber. Upon the kind of worship paid to him, and his attributes, v. Festus, p. 82. Huic gallinae immolabantur, id. ib. The principal seat of his worship in Greece was Epidaurus. In his temple there was a magnificent statue of ivory and gold, the work of Thrasymedes, in which he was represented as a noble figure, resembling that of Zeus. He was seated on a throne, holding in one hand a staff, and with the other resting on the head of a dragon (serpent), and by his side lay a dog. There were also other representations, one even as beardless, very common at an earlier period, Müll. Archaeol. d. Kunst, S. 534 and 535. Serpents, prob. as symbols of prudence and renovation. were everywhere connected with his worship; cf. Spreng. Gesch. d. Medic. 1, 205.
Note: Adj.: anguis Aesculapius, Plin. 29, 4, 22, § 72.

aescŭlētum (not esc-), i, n. [aesculus],

  1. I. a forest of winter or Italian oaks, and poet., in gen., an oak-forest, Hor. C. 1, 22, 14.
  2. II. Esp.: Aescŭlētum, i, n., a place in Rome, acc. to Varr. L. L. 5, § 152 Müll.; Plin. 16, 10, 15, § 37.

aescŭlĕus (not esc-), a, um, adj. [aesculus], of the Italian oak, and poet., in gen., of oak: aesculeae capiebat frondis honorem, i. e. an oaken garland, Ov. M. 1, 449; so Pall. 1, 9.

* aescŭlīnus (not esc-), a, um, adj. [aesculus], = aesculeus, Vitr. 7, 1.

aescŭlus (not esc-), i, f. [may be connected with edo = to eat, as fagus = beech, φηγός = oak, with φαγεῖν, but the diphthong presents a difficulty; v. Curt. p. 187], the tallest species of oak, the winter or Italian oak (with edible acorns), sacred to Jupiter, Verg. G. 2, 16; 291; ef. Voss. ad h. l.: nec mollior aesculo, Hor. C. 3, 10, 17 al.

Aesernĭa (Es-), ae, f., a town in Samnium, on the river Vulturnus, now Isernia, Cic. Att. 8, 11, D, § 2; Vell. 1, 14; Liv. Epit. 72, 73 al.
Hence, Aesernīnus, a, um, adj. pertaining to or a native of, Æsernia: ager, Liv. 10, 31: turma, id. 44, 40.
Also a surname of M. Marcellus, who was taken prisoner there by the Samnites, Liv. Epit. 73; Plin. 12, 1, 5, § 12.
Aesernīni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Æsernia, Liv. 27, 10.
Aeserninus was also the name of a renowned gladiator; hence the proverb: Aeserninus cum Pacidiano, one champion against another, when two equally great men are compared together or engaged in mutual conflict, Lucil. ap. Non. 393, 28; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4; id. Opt. Gen. Orat. 6 (cf.: cum Bitho Bacchius, Hor. S. 1, 7, 20).

1. Aesis, is, m., a river in Umbria, Plin. 11, 42, 97, § 241.

2. Aesis, is, f., a town in Umbria on the river Æsis: COL. AESIS, Inscr. Orell. 3899.
Whence,

  1. I. Aesinas, ātis, adj., of or pertaining to Æsis: caseus, Plin. 11, 42, 97, § 241.
  2. II. Aesinātes, ium, m., the inhabitants of Æsis, Plin. 3, 14, 19, § 113.

Aesōn, ŏnis, m., = Αἴσων, a Thessalian prince, brother of king Pelias, and father of Jason, who, according to fable, was in extreme old age transformed by the magic arts of Medea into a youth, Ov. M. 7, 2.
Whence,

  1. I. Aesŏnĭdes, ae, patr. m., = Αἰσονίδης, a male descendant of Æson, i. e. Jason, Ov. M. 7, 164: Phasias Aesoniden, Circe tenuisset Ulixem, id. A. A. 2, 103: mobilis Aesonide, id. H. 6, 109 al.
  2. II. Aesŏnĭus, a, um, adj., Æsonian: heros, i. e. Jason, Ov. M. 7, 156: domus, id. H. 12, 134.

Aesōpĭcus, a, um, adj. [Aesopus], Æsopic. Acc. to Isid. Orig. 1, 39, fables are either Æsopic or Libystic (from Libys, a writer of fables, mentioned by Hesych.); Æsopic, when brute beasts or things inanimate are represented as discoursing together; Libystic. when the discourse is between men and brutes.

Aesōpīus or Aesōpēus, a, um, adj. [Aesopus], Æsopic, Æsopian: fabulae, Phaedr. 4 prol.: trimetria, Aus. Ep. 16, 74.

Aesōpus, i, m., = Αἴσωπος.

  1. I. Æsop, the Greek fabulist of Phrygia, in the time of Crœsus; cf. Phaedr. 5 prol. The difference between Æsopic and Libystic fables, v. under Aesopicus.
    Cf. Quint. 5, 11, 19; Gell. 2, 29.
  2. II. A tragic actor, friend of Cicero: noster Aesopus, Cic. Fam. 7, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 82; cf. Cic. Tusc. 4, 25; id. Div. 1, 37.

Aesquiliae, v. Esquiliae.

aestas, ātis, f. [akin to αἴθω = to burn, Varr. L. L. 6, § 9; cf.: aestus, aether, aethra; Sanscr. indh = to kindle, iddhas = kindled; O. H. Germ. eiten = to heat; Germ. Hitze = heat], in an extended sense,

  1. I. the summer season, as one half of the year, from March twenty-second to September twenty-second (the other half was hiems, the winter season); cf. Dig. 43, 19: aestas et hiems, nox et dies, Vulg. Gen. 8, 22: in a restricted sense, the summer, the three months from the entrance of the sun into Cancer to the autumnal equinox (the entrance into Libra): Arabes campos et montes hieme et aestate peragrantes, Cic. Div. 1, 42: (formica) parat in aestate cibum sibi, Vulg. Prov. 6, 8: aestate ineunte, at the beginning of summer, Cic. Att. 4, 2: nova, Verg. A. 1, 430: media, midsummer, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35: jam adulta, Tac. A. 2, 23; so Aur. Vict. Caes. 32, 3 Arntz.: summa, the height of summer, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 31: exacta, Sall. J. 65: finita, Vulg. Jer. 8, 20: cum affecta jam prope aestate uvas a sole mitescere tempus est, Cic. Oecon. ap. Non. 161, 2.
    With anni, summer-time, Gell. 2, 21: aestate anni flagrantissima, id. 19, 5.
    Since war among the ancients was carried on only in summer, aestas is sometimes (like θέρος in Gr.) used by the histt. for,
  2. II. A year, Vell. 2, 47; 82: quae duabus aestatibus gesta, Tac. A. 6, 39; so. te jam septuma portat omnibus errantem terris aestas, Verg. A. 1, 756.
    1. B. Summer air: per aestatem liquidam, Verg. G. 4, 59; id. A. 6, 707.
    2. C. Summer heat: ignea, Hor. C. 1, 17, 3.
    3. * D. Freckles as caused by heat: aestates, Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 185, where Jan. reads testas.

aestĭfer, fēra, fĕrum, adj. [aestus-fero]

  1. I. Act., bringing, causing, or producing heat: ignis, Lucr. 1, 663; 5, 612: canis, Verg. G. 2, 353; Cic. Arat. 111; Sil. 1, 194; 14, 585 al.
  2. II. Pass., heated, sultry, hot: Libyum arva, Luc. 1, 206: campi Garamantum, Sil. 17, 448.

Aestĭi (the correct read., not Aestŭi), ōrum, m., a Germanic people on the southeast or east of the Baltic, the Esthen, Tac. G. 45 Halm.

* aestĭmābĭlis, e, adj. [aestimo], worthy of estimation, valuable, estimable: aestimabile esse dicitur id, quod … aliquod pondus habeat dignum aestimatione, contaque inaestimabile, quod sit superiori contrarium, Cic. Fin. 3, 6, 20.

aestĭmātĭo, ōnis, f. [aestimo].

  1. I. The estimating a thing according to its extrinsic (money) value, valuation, appraisement: in censu habendo potestas omnis aestimationis habendae censori permittitur, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53: aestimatio frumenti, the determination of the prœtor (legate or quœstor), how much ready money one should pay, instead of the corn which he was to furnish, id. ib. 2, 3, 92: erat Athenis reo damnato, si fraus non capitalis esset, quasi poenae aestimatio, i. e. a commutation of corporal punishment for a fine, id. de Or. 1, 54, 232.
    So esp. litis or litium aestimatio, in Roman civil law, an estimating, valuation of the contested matter; in criminal law also, the stating how much the convicted person had to pay, an assessment of damages, Cic. Clu. 41, 116; id. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 45 (cf. lis aestimata, id. ib. 1, 13): lex de multarum aestimatione, Liv. 4, 30.
    After the civil war, Cæsar, in order to enable debtors to cancel the demands against them, decreed an aestimatio possessionum, i. e. an estimation or appraisement of real estate, according to the value which it had before the war, and compelled the creditors to take this in payment instead of money; they were also obliged to deduct from the sum demanded any interest that had been paid; v. Caes. B. C. 3, 1; and Suet. Caes. 42. Hence, in aestimationem accipere, to accept or agree to such a valuation, or payment by real estate at a high price: a Marco Laberio C. Albinius praedia in aestimationem accepit, Cic. Fam. 13, 8.
    And meton., with an allusion to the law of Cæsar: aestimationes = praedia, the real estate received in payment: quando aestimationes tuas vendere non potes, Cic. Fam. 9, 18. Since the creditor was a loser by this regulation, aestimationem accipere, to suffer injury or loss, id. ib. 16.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. A valuation, i. e. an estimation of a thing according to its intrinsic worth (while existimatio denotes the consideration, regard due to an object on account of its nominal value): bonum hoc est quidem plurimi aestimandum, sed ea aestimatio genere valet, non magnitudine, Cic. Fin. 3, 10, 34; so 3, 13, 44; 3, 6: semper aestimationem arbitriumque ejus honoris penes senatum fuisse, Liv. 3, 63: semper infra aliorum aestimationes se metiens, Vell. 1, 127; 97; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 67: aestimatione rectā severus, deterius interpretantibus tristior habebatur, Tac. H. 1, 14 al.
    2. B. Poet., the worth or value of a thing: Quod me non movet aestimatione, Cat. 12, 12.

aestĭmātor, ōris, m. [aestimo].

  1. I. One that estimates a thing according to its extrinsic value, a valuer, appraiser: frumenti, Cic. Pis. 35 fin.: callidi rerum aestimatores prata et areas quasdam magno aestimant, id. Par. 6, 3.
  2. II. Trop., an estimator or valuer of a thing according to its intrinsic worth (while existimator is a judge): nemo erit tam injustus rerum aestimator, qui dubitet, etc., Cic. Marcell. 5: justus rerum aestimator, id. Or. 41: immodicus aestimator sui, Curt. 8, 1 al.

aestĭmātōrĭus, a, um, adj. [aestimator], regarding a valuer or taxer, only in the jurists: actio, Dig. 19, 3, 1; and absol.: aestĭmātōrĭa, ae, Dig. 21, 1, 43, § 6: aestimatorium judicium, ib. Fragm. 18 al.

aestĭmātus, ūs, m. [aestimo], = aestimatio; found only in the abl.: aetatis, in valuing, considering, the time, Macr. S. 1, 16: in aestimatu est mel e thymo, in value, i. e. much esteemed, Plin. 11, 15, 15, § 38 (cf. in pretio habere, Tac. G. 5).

‡ aestĭmĭa, ae, f. [aestimo], = aestimatio, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Müll.

aestĭmĭum, i, n. [aestimo], = aestimatio (late Lat.), Hyg. de Limit. p. 152 Goes.; so besides only Front. de Colon. p. 127 ib.

aestĭmo (arch. aestŭ-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [from aes, with the termination -tumo, which also appears in autumo; cf.: legitumus, finitumus, maritumus; later, legitimus, finitimus, maritimus; compare the Goth. aistjan, to estimate].

  1. I. To determine or estimate the extrinsic (money) value of a thing, to value, rate, appraise; constr. with gen. or abl. (v. of price, Zumpt. §§ 444 and 456): domum emit prope dimidio carius quam aestimabat, Cic. Dom. 44: frumentum III denariis, id. Verr. 2, 3, 92: aliquid tenuissime, id. ib. 2, 4, 16: prata magno, id. Par. 6, 3: perfecit (Aratus) aestimandis possessionibus, ut, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 82; hence, litem alicui or alicujus, to estimate the value of an object in question, and thus determine how much the convicted person shall pay, to estimate or assess the damages; cf. Ascon. ad Cic. Verr. 1, 13, 38, and Beier ad Cic. Oratt. Fragm. Exc. IV. p. 265; Cic. Verr. l. l.
  2. II. Trop., to estimate the intrinsic (moral) worth of a thing, to weigh, value, hold, etc. (while existimare, as a consequence of aestimare, signifies to judge a thing in any way after estimating its value: ex pretio rei judicare; cf. Burm. ad Phaedr. 3, 4; Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 2, 17; Corte and Kritz ad Sall. C. 8, 2; Gronov. ad Liv. 4, 41; 34, 2; and aestimator).
    Constr.
          1. (α) That which serves as a standard by which a thing is estimated with ex or the abl.: vulgus ex veritate pauca, ex opinione multa aestimant, Cic. Rosc. Com. 10: aliquem ex artificio comico, id. ib.: cum in Aquitaniam pervenisset, quae pars, ex tertiā parte Galliae est aestimanda, etc., i. e. is to be reckoned as a third part, Caes. B. G. 3, 20: amicitias inimicitiasque non ex re, sed ex commodo, Sall. C. 10, 5.
            With simple abl.: virtutem annis, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 48: aliquid vitā, to measure a thing by life, i. e. to hold it as dear as life, Curt. 5, 5: nec Macedonas veteri famā, sed praesentibus viribus aestimandos, Just. 30, 4.
          2. (β) The value attached to a thing in estimating it, in the gen. or abl. pretii (cf. I.); poet. also with acc. nihil: auctoritatem alicujus magni, Cic. Att. 7, 15: quod non minoris aestimamus quam quemlibet triumphum, Nep. Cat. 1: aliquid unius assis, Cat. 5, 2: aliquid permagno, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 7, § 13: non magno, id. Fin. 3, 3, 11; so id. Tusc. 3, 4, 8: non nihilo aestimandum, id. Fin. 4, 23, 62: magno te aestimaturum, Liv. 40, 55: magno aestimantibus se, id. 40, 41. And with definite numerals which give the price-current for which a thing may be had; cf. Zumpt. § 456; Sall. Fragm. p. 974 Corte: denis in diem assibus animam et corpus aestimari, Tac. A. 1, 17: emori nolo, sed me esse mortuum nihil aestimo, Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 15.
          3. (γ) Among the histt. with a rel. clause.: aestimantibus, quanta futuri spe tam magna tacuisset, Tac. Agr. 18 fin.: quantopere dilectus sit, facile est aestimare, Suet. Aug. 57 (but in Sall. J. 31, 19, the correct read. is existumabitis, Dietsch).

aestīva, ōrum, v. aestivus, II.

aestīvālis, e, adj., = aestivus, pertaining to summer, summer-like: circulus, i. e. the tropic of Cancer, Hyg. Astr. 3, 24.

aestīvē, adv., v. aestivus fin.

aestīvo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. [aestivus], to spend or pass the summer in a place (like hiemo, to pass the winter; so in Gr. θερίζω and χειμάζω), Varr. R. R. 2, 1: mihi greges in Apuliā hibernabant, qui in Reatinibus montibus aestivabant, id. ib. 2, 2: intra saepem aestivant pastores opacam, Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 22; Suet. Galb. 4; id. Vesp. 24; Stat. S. 4, 4, 22.

aestīvus, a, um, adj. [aestas],

  1. I. of or pertaining to summer, summer-like, summer (freq. and class.): Quo pacto aestivis e partibus Aegocerotis Brumalīs adeat flexus, turns from the hot region of heaven to the wintry sign of Capricorn, Lucr. 5, 615; so id. 5, 639: aestivos menses rei militari dare, hibernos juris dictioni, Cic. Att. 5, 14: tempora, dies, summer time, summer days, id. Verr. 2, 5, 31: sol, Verg. G. 4, 28: aura, Hor. C. 1, 22, 18: umbra, Ov. M. 13, 793: rus, Mart. 8, 61: per aestivos saltus deviasque calles exercitum ducimus, through woods, where flocks were driven for summer pasture, Liv. 22, 14: aves, summer birds, id. 5, 6: animalia, the insects of summer, Plin. 9, 47, 71, § 154: expeditiones, which were undertaken in summer, Vell. 2, 114: castra, a summer camp (constructed differently from a winter camp), Suet. Claud. 1.
    Hence,
  2. II. Subst.: aestīva, ōrum, n.
    1. A. For a summer camp, τὰ θερινά: dum in aestivis essemus, Cic. Att. 5, 17; id. Fam. 2, 13: aestiva praetoris, of a pleasure-camp, pleasurehouse, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 37.
    2. B. The time appropriate for a campaign (cf. aestas; often continuing until December; v. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 2, 7); hence, a campaign, Cic. Pis. 40: aestivis confectis, after the campaign was ended (which did not take place until the Saturnalia, XIV. Kal. Januar.), id. Fam. 3, 9 fin.: perducere aestiva in mensem Decembrem, Vell. 2, 105.
    3. C. Summer pastures for cattle: per montium aestiva, Plin. 24, 6, 19, § 28.
      Meton. for the cattle themselves: Nec singula morbi Corpora corripiunt, sed tota aestiva, Verg. G. 3, 472.
      Hence, * adv.: aestīvē, in a summer-like manner, as in summer: admodum aestive viaticati sumus, we are furnished in a very summer-like manner with money for our journey, i. e. we have but little (the figure taken from the light dress of summer; or, acc. to others, from the scanty provisions which soldiers took with them in summer), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 30.

* aestŭābundus, a, um, adj. [aestuo], foaming, fermenting: confectio, Pall. 11, 17.

aestŭans, antis, Part. of aestuo.

aestŭārĭum, i, n. [aestus].

  1. I. A part of the sea-coast which, during the flood-tide, is overflowed, but at the ebb-tide is left covered with mud or slime, a marsh, ἀνάχυσις: aestuaria sunt omnia, quā mare vicissim tum accedit, tum recedit, Gloss. ap. Fest. p. 380 Müll.: pedestria esse itinera concisa aestuariis, Caes. B. G. 3, 9: adfunditur autem aestuarium e mari flexuoso meatu, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 3; Plin. Ep. 9, 23.
    Also,
  2. II. A channel extending inland from the sea, and only filled with water at floodtide, a creek, inlet, Varr. R. R. 3, 17: in aestuaria ac paludes, Caes. B. G. 2, 28 Herz.; Tac. A. 2, 8; cf. id. Agr. 22.
  3. III. In mining t. t., an air-hole, air-shaft: secundum puteum dextra ac sinistra fodiunt aestuaria, Plin. 31, 3, 28, § 49; cf. Vitr. 8, 7; Pall. 9, 9.

aestŭātĭo, ōnis, f. [aestuo], a boiling up, foaming; trop., trouble or agitation of mind, Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 5, where Jan reads aestimatione.

aestŭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. [aestus], to be in agilation or in violent commotion, to move to and fro, to rage, to toss, to boil up.

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. Of fire, to rage, burn: aestuat ut clausis rapidus fornacibus ignis, as the fire heaves and roars in the closed furnaces, Verg. G. 4, 263: tectus magis aestuat ignis, Ov. M. 4, 64.
      Hence,
      1. 2. Of the effect of fire, to be warm or hot, to burn, glow; both objectively, I am warm (Fr. je suis chaud), and subjectively, it is warm to me, I feel warm (Fr. j’ai chaud).
        1. a. Object.: nunc dum occasio est, dum scribilitae aestuant (while the cakes are warm) occurrite, Plaut. Poen. prol. 43; Verg. G. 1, 107: torridus aestuat aër, glows, Prop. 3, 24, 3; Luc. 1, 16.
        2. b. Subject., to feel warmth or heat (weaker than sudare, to sweat, and opp. algere, to be cold, to feel cold; v. Doed. Syn. 3, 89): Lycurgi leges erudiunt juventutem esuriendo, sitiendo, algendo, aestuando, Cic. Tusc. 2, 14, 34: ille cum aestuaret, umbram secutus est, id. Ac. 2, 22: sub pondere, Ov. M. 12, 514; Juv. 3, 103.
    2. B. Of the undulating, heaving motion of the sea, to rise in waves or billows (cf. aestus): Maura unda, Hor. C. 2, 6, 4: gurges, Verg. A. 6, 296.
    3. C. Of other things, to have an undulating, waving motion, to be tossed, to heave: in ossibus umor, Verg. G. 4, 308: ventis pulsa aestuat arbor, Lucr. 5, 1097; Gell. 17, 11, 5.
      Of an agitated crowd, Prud. 11, 228.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. Of the passions, love, desire, envy, jealousy, etc., to burn with desire, to be in violent, passionate excitement, to be agitated or excited, to be inflamed: quod ubi auditum est, aestuare (hist. inf.) illi, qui dederant pecuniam, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 23: quae cum dies noctesque aestuans agitaret, Sall. J. 93: desiderio alicujus, Cic. Fam. 7, 18: invidiā, Sall. C. 23: ingens in corde pudor, Verg. A. 12, 666: at rex Odrysius in illa Aestuat, Ov. M. 6, 490 (cf. uri in id. ib. 7, 22; and ardere in id, ib. 9, 724); Mart. 9, 23: aestuat (Alexander) infelix angusto limite mundi (the figure is derived from the swelling and raging of the sea when confined), Juv. 10, 169; so Luc. 6, 63.
    2. B. Esp. in prose, to waver, to vacillate, to hesitate, to be uncertain or in doubt, to be undecided: dubitatione, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30: quod petiit, spernit; repetit quod nuper omisit; Aestuat et vitae disconvenit ordine toto, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 99: sic anceps inter utramque animus aestuat, Quint. 10, 7, 33; Suet. Claud. 4: aestuante rege, Just. 1, 10.

aestŭōsus, a, um, adj. [aestus], full of agitation or heat.

  1. I. Very hot: aura, Pac. ap. Prisc. p. 710 P.: aestuosa et pulverulenta via, Cic. Att. 5, 14; Hor. Epod. 16, 62: auster, Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 119: aestuosissimi dies, id. 34, 12, 28, § 116: Syrtes, the burning Syrtes, Hor. C. 1, 22, 5; hence, Oraclum Jovis inter aestuosi, i. e. of Jupiter Ammon in the Libyan desert, Cat. 7, 5.
  2. II. Great ly agitated, in violent ebullition: freta, Hor. C. 2, 7, 16.
    Hence, adv.: aestŭōsē, hotly, impetuously, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 67.
    Comp., Hor. Epod. 3, 18.
    Sup. prob. not used.

aestus, ūs (archaic gen. aesti, Pac. 97 Rib.; rare form of nom. plur. aestuus). m. [kind. with aestas and Gr. αἴθω; v. aestas], an undulating, boiling, waving, tossing; a waving, heaving, billowy motion.

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. Of fire; hence, in gen., fire, glow, heat (orig. in relation to its flashing up; while fervor denotes a glowing, ardor a burning, and calor a warming heat; yet it was early used for warming heat; v. the following example): nam fretus ipse anni permiscet frigus et aestum, heat and cold are blended, Lucr. 6, 364 (for which calor, id. 6, 368, 371 al.): multa aestu victa per agros, id. 5, 1104: exsuperant flammae, furit aestus ad auras, Verg. A. 2, 759: caniculae, Hor. C. 1, 17, 18; so id. Ep. 1, 8, 5: labore et aestu languidus, Sall. J. 51.
      In plur.: neque frigora neque aestus facile tolerabat, Suet. Aug. 81.
      So of midday heat: aestibus at mediis umbrosam exquirere vallem, Verg. G. 3, 331 (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 22: ille cum aestuaret, umbram secutus est).
      And of the heat of disease (of wounds, fever, inflammation, etc.): ulceris aestus, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 7, 19: homines aegri cum aestu febrique jactantur, Cic. Cat. 1, 13.
    2. B. The undulating, heaving motion of the sea, the swell, surge: fervet aestu pelagus, Pac. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 39; hence, meton. for the sea in agitation, waves, billows: delphines aestum secabant, Verg. A. 8, 674: furit aestus harenis, id. ib. 1, 107: aestus totos campos inundaverant, Curt. 9, 9, 18.
      In Verg. once of the boiling up of water in a vessel: exsultant aestu latices, Aen. 7, 464.
    3. C. Esp., the periodical flux and reflux or ebb and flow of the sea, the tide (cf. Varr. L. L. 9, 19; Mel. 3, 1: aestus maris accedere et reciprocare maxime mirum, pluribus quidem modis, sed causa in sole lunāque, Plin. 2, 97, 99); Plaut. As. 1, 3, 6: quid de fretis aut de marinis aestibus dicam? quorum accessus et recessus (flow and ebb) lunae motu gubernantur, Cic. Div. 2, 14 fin.: crescens, Plin. 2, 100, 97, § 219: decedens, id. ib.: recedens, id. 2, 98, 101, § 220: secundus, in our favor, Sall. Fragm. ap. Gell. 10, 26, 2: adversus, against us, id. ap. Non. 138, 8.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. The passionate ferment or commotion of the mind, the fire, glow, ardor of any (even a good) passion (cf. aestuo, II. A.): et belli magnos commovit funditus aestus (genus humanum), has stirred up from their very bottom the waves of discord, Lucr. 5, 1434: civilis belli aestus, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 47 (cf. id. C. 2, 7, 15): repente te quasi quidam aestus ingenii tui procul a terrā abripuit atque in altum abstraxit, Cic. de Or. 3, 36: hunc absorbuit aestus quidam gloriae, id. Brut. 81: stultorum regum et populorum continet aestus, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 8: perstet et, ut pelagi, sic pectoris adjuvet aestum, the glow of love, Ov. H. 16, 25.
    2. B. A vacillating, irresolute state of mind, doubt, uncertainty, hesitation, trouble, embarrassment, anxiely: qui tibi aestus, qui error, quae tenebrae, Cic. Div. in Caecin. 14: vario fluctuat aestu, Verg. A. 12, 486: amor magno irarum fluctuat aestu, id. ib. 4, 532; cf. id. ib. 8, 19: aestus curaeque graves, Hor. S. 1, 2, 110.
    3. C. In the Epicurean philos. lang. of Lucretius, the undulatory flow or stream of atoms, atomic efflux, as the cause of perception (cf. affluo, I.): Perpetuoque fluunt certis ab rebus odores, Frigus ut a fluviis, calor ab sole, aestus ab undis Aequoris, exesor moerorum litora propter, etc., Lucr. 6, 926; and in id. 6, 1002 sq., the magnetic fluid is several times designated by aestus lapidis.

Aesŭla (Aesŏl-), ae, f., a town in the neighborhood of Tibur, Hor. C. 3, 29, 6 (Aefula, Müll.); cf. Müll. Roms Campagn. 1, 272.
Hence, Aesŭlānus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Æsula: arx, Liv. 26, 9 Madv.; and subst.: Aesŏlāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Æsula, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 69 Jan.

Esquĭlĭae (less correctly, Exqui-liae, Aesquiliae), ārum, f. [perh. from aesculus, a kind of oak],

  1. I. the largest of the seven hills of Rome, with several separate heights (whence the plur. form); added to the city by Servius Tullius; now the heights of Santa Maria Maggiore, Varr. L. L. 5, § 49 Müll.; Liv. 1, 44; Ov. F. 3, 246; 6, 601; Prop. 3 (4), 23, 24; Hor. S. 1, 8, 14; Tac. A. 15, 40; Suet. Tib. 15; Juv. 11, 51 et saep. In earlier times low people were buried there; hence: atrae, Hor. S. 2, 6, 33.
  2. II. Derivv.,
    1. A. Esquĭlĭus (Exq-), a, um, adj., Esquiline: mons, i. q. Esquiliae, Ov. F. 2, 435.
    2. B. Esquĭlīnus (Exq-), a, um, adj., the same: tribus, Varr. L. L. 5, § 45 Müll.; Liv. 45, 15; Plin. 18, 3, 3, § 13 al.: porta, Tac. A. 2, 32 fin.; also simply, Esquilina, ae, f., Cic. Pis. 23 fin.: campus, Suet. Claud. 25: alites, i. e. birds of prey (which devoured the bodies of criminals executed on the Esquiline), Hor. Epod. 5, 100; cf. veneficium (for which human bones, etc., were brought from the Esquiline), id. ib. 17, 58.
    3. * C. Esquĭlĭārĭus (Exq-), a, um, adj., Esquiline: collis, Liv. 1, 48, 6.